The dangers of slugs to dogs

Now that the spring is here, slugs and snails will be seen much more frequently, and as your dog is likely to be out and about more - the risk from them grows significantly. Puppies, in particular, can be tempted to eat anything they come across, so always be vigilant

Cases are on the rise across the UK, and it is thought this is down to warmer, wetter summers, which are ideal conditions for slugs and snails to breed. This is combined with greater movement of people and their dogs, helping to spread the disease around.

Younger dogs under the age of two tend to be more at risk, as are dogs who spend a lot of time outside – that have more chance to swallow lungworm larvae.

Because it is such a serious disease, knowing the signs and symptoms, treatments and how to avoid lungworm is crucial for dog owners. If you suspect your dog has lungworm, you must seek veterinary treatment straight away.

How can my dog get lungworm?

Fortunately, most dogs do not actively look to eat slugs and snails as they omit a foul-tasting slime. However, lungworm can be picked up if your dog licks or eats grass that a slug or snail has crawled across, or drinks water from outside. They can also contract lungworm if a slug or snail crawls over any toys or chews left out in the garden.

By ingesting slug and snail slime, your dog is swallowing the tiny larvae excreted, which can burrow through your dog’s gut wall and travel back to the heart and around the body as they turn into adults.

Dogs that spend a lot of time in outdoor spaces, especially those with access to gardens, parks, or wooded areas, are at a higher risk of encountering slugs and snails. The moist, cool conditions of these environments are ideal for the gastropods, making it easy for them to thrive. If your dog frequently explores these areas, make sure to monitor their habits and implement preventative measures to reduce their exposure to lungworm.

What are the symptoms of lungworm?

Lungworm symptoms differ from dog to dog and can vary, depending on how heavy the infestation is and which organs the worms are inhabiting. The most common symptoms are:

• Heavy, laboured breathing, particularly during exercise
• Coughing and bringing up blood
• Weight loss and loss of appetite
• Blindness
• Vomiting and diarrhoea 
• Lethargy
• Seizures and unexplained collapsing

What lungworm treatment is available?

Lungworm treatment varies, depending on the severity of the illness and the symptoms. If the symptoms are mild, your vet may prescribe lungworm treatment and medication to take home. If your dog is very ill, they will need intensive treatment at a veterinary hospital.

How do I stop my dog from catching lungworm?

It is far better to prevent your dog from catching lungworm in the first place. Here are some good habits you can put in place:

• Use a good worming regime - regularly, as prescribed - which includes lungworm protection. Ask your vet which prescription wormer is best for your dog. Off-the-shelf brands of wormer from pet shops and supermarkets are not veterinary licenced, so the ingredients are often less effective
• Do not use slug pellets as these are poisonous to dogs and cats (and other animals and birds)
• Remove dog faeces from your garden regularly to help break the cycle of larvae transferring from the environment to your dog
• Bring dog toys and water bowls inside at night, lessening the chance of them being contaminated by gastropod slime

What if my dog has been exposed to slugs or snails?

If you suspect your dog has been exposed to slugs or snails, it’s important to monitor their behaviour closely. Keep an eye out for any signs of unusual symptoms mentioned above, including coughing, difficulty breathing, or lethargy. If you notice anything concerning, contact your vet for advice or a check-up. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential for the best chance of a full recovery.

Why are puppies more at risk?

Puppies are naturally curious and have the tendency to chew anything and everything in sight! While adorable, this means they’re particularly vulnerable to picking up bugs and parasites, including lungworm. Their immune systems are still developing too, which makes it harder for them to fight off infections. Therefore, it’s especially important to keep a close watch on young dogs, particularly if they’re playing outdoors in areas where slugs and snails are common.

What should I do if I find a slug or snail on my dog’s toys?

If you find a slug or snail on your dog’s toys, immediately remove the creature, and clean the toys thoroughly with hot water and soap. This will help to remove any potential slime or larvae. Regularly inspect toys left outside and avoid leaving them in damp areas where slugs and snails are more likely to appear. Keeping toys clean and dry can significantly reduce the risk of lungworm transmission.

If you need any further advice on lungworm treatment or prevention, contact your local vet.

FAQs about lungworm in dogs